Alaa Mohammed Musa1,* , Wafaa Abdulmutalib Naji1 and Maytham Abass Makki1
1Department of Biology, Collage of science, University of Al-Muthanna.
*Corresponding Author: alaamoh@mu.edu.iq
Received 29 June. 2025, Accepted 9 Sep. 2025, published 30 Dec. 2025.
AbstractKey wordsDOI
Calcitonin (CT) is a polypeptide hormone with 32 amino acids that is mostly secreted by the parafollicular “C” cells of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption, which lowers blood calcium levels. Patients with type 2 diabetes are more susceptible to osteoporosis and decreased bone density because of poor calcitonin function or sensitivity, which may lead to abnormal calcium balance and bone metabolism. Determining the levels of calcitonin, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in individuals with type 2 diabetes and comparing them to a healthy control group was the aim of this study. A total eighty samples were collected involving forty samples from male patients with type 2 diabetes and forty samples from healthy men as the control group. Levels of calcitonin, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were measured. The study showed that while phosphorus and calcitonin levels were significantly lower in the diabetic group, calcium and magnesium levels were significantly greater in type 2 diabetes patients than in healthy people. This study demonstrated that diabetic patients exhibited decreased levels of calcitonin and phosphorus, along with increased levels of calcium and magnesium. These alterations may contribute to endocrine dysregulation associated with type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Calcitonin, minerals.
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